Redemption of our Body
Paul links the bodily resurrection of believers to the New Creation since both are integral to the promised redemption.
The sin of Adam condemned the entire creation to bondage, sin, and death, not just humanity. Under the Mosaic law, humanity could not liberate itself from bondage to sin and death. That would take something, or, more accurately, someone else. And the Apostle connects salvation in Jesus to the bodily resurrection when he returns at the end of the age.
Like the other New Testament writers, Paul presents a forward-looking faith. Everlasting life is an inheritance that will be received in all its fullness at the resurrection of the righteous, an event that will coincide with the arrival of the New Creation.
FLESH AND SPIRIT
(Romans 8:3-4) - “What was impossible by the law in that it was weak through the flesh, God, by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and concerning sin, condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who, not according to the flesh do walk, but according to spirit.”
In Paul’s theology, “flesh” refers to humanity in its mortal and fallen state that “prefers death, but the Spirit prefers life and peace.” The “fleshly man” is the product of Adam’s disobedience, and it remains “hostile towards God, for to the law of God it does not submit itself, neither can it. They who in flesh have their being cannot please God.” To be “in the flesh” is equivalent to being “in Adam.”
- (Romans 5:18-19) – “Hence then, as through one fault the sentence was for all men unto condemnation, so also, through one recovery of righteousness, the decree of grace is to all men for righteous acquittal for life. For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were constituted sinners, so also, through the obedience of the one the many shall be constituted righteous.”
The discussion on “flesh” and “spirit” contrasts the old Adamic life in bondage to sin with the new life that is free from servitude to it, and that life is found in Jesus.
Paul is not speaking about two “natures” within an individual that are locked in mortal combat, the “old man” versus the “new man,” but about the past life in the “flesh” of the Adamic man versus the new life in the “spirit” provided in the man, Jesus Christ.
- (Romans 8:9-11) – “But you have not your being in flesh but in spirit, if, at least, God’s Spirit is dwelling in you; and if anyone has not Christ’s Spirit, the same is not his. But if Christ is in you, the body, indeed, is dead by reason of sin, but the spirit is life by reason of righteousness; If, moreover, the Spirit of him that raised Jesus from among the dead is dwelling in you, he that raised Christ Jesus from among the dead will make alive even your death-doomed bodies through means of his indwelling Spirit within you.”
His disciples do not have their life in the flesh but in the spirit, “if God’s Spirit is dwelling” in them. But if anyone does not have his Spirit, “the same is not his.” It is that same Spirit that equips disciples to walk uprightly - (Galatians 5:13-18).
Though our physical bodies are “dead by reason of sin,” if the Spirit of Him that raised Jesus from the dead dwells in us, “He that raised him from among the dead will quicken our death-doomed bodies through means of his indwelling Spirit.”
RESURRECTION
Next, Paul introduces the resurrection into the discussion. Integral to his concept of salvation is the BODILY resurrection of the saints. Final redemption is realized at the resurrection, which by necessity and logic includes the redemption of the body.
The entire man that God created was condemned to bondage, not just Adam’s soul or inner self. Therefore, if God is to redeem humanity and recover all that was lost, the redemptive act must include the body.
Likewise, the creation that was also condemned by Adam’s sin must be redeemed.
- (Romans 8:12-14) – “Hence, then, brethren, we are debtors not to the flesh that according to the flesh we should live, for if according to the flesh you live, you are about to die, whereas, if in spirit the practices of the flesh you are putting to death, you will attain life; for as many as by God’s Spirit are being led, the same are His sons.”
Though believers have been declared righteous, their receipt of final salvation is not a foregone conclusion. They are obliged to live “not according to the flesh,” for if they do, they will “die. But if by the Spirit they put to death the practices of the flesh, they will attain life.” It is men who are “led by God’s Spirit that are His sons.”
- (Romans 8:15-20) – “For you have not received a spirit of servitude leading back into fear, but you have received a spirit of sonship, whereby we are exclaiming Abba! Oh, Father! The Spirit itself is bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God; And if children, heirs also, heirs, indeed, of God but coheirs with Christ, if, at least, we are suffering together in order that we may also be glorified together. For I reckon that unworthy are the sufferings of the present season to be compared with the glory about to be revealed towards us; For the eager outlook of creation is ardently waiting for the revealing of the sons of God, for unto vanity has creation been made subject, not by choice, but by reason of him that made it subject in hope.”
NEW CREATION
The Spirit of God that dwells in believers “bears witness with their spirit that they are His children,” and that means they are “heirs of God and coheirs with Christ.” But to be a co-heir with him means also to suffer in this life for his sake so we also may be “glorified” like him.
The creation itself has been subjected “to vanity” - to death and decay - because of Adam's disobedience; accordingly, all creation now suffers until the present hour.
But the creation is “ardently awaiting the revelation of the sons of God.” When his sons are “revealed” for all to see, then the “creation itself also shall be freed from the bondage of decay into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God.” THAT DAY WILL MEAN NOTHING LESS THAN THE NEW CREATION.
- (Romans 8:21-23) – “That creation itself also shall be freed from the bondage of the decay into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God; for we know that all creation is sighing together and travailing-in-birth-throes together until the present, and not only so, but we ourselves also who have the first-fruit of the Spirit, we even ourselves within our own selves do sigh, sonship ardently awaiting, the redemption of our body.”
The redemption of the entire creation is dependent on the resurrection of the “sons of God.” Therefore, the promises of bodily resurrection and the New Creation are inextricably linked. Throughout this section of the letter, the focus is on the future inheritance of the saints. New Creation and bodily resurrection are two sides of the same coin.
Disciples who have been declared righteous in Christ received the Spirit of God, and continue to live accordingly will receive their final redemption at the time of the resurrection when Jesus returns. That day will mean nothing less than the “new heavens and the new earth.”
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